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Frances Minto Elliot
Frances Minto Elliot (1820–1898) was a prolific English writer, primarily of non-fiction works on the social history of Italy, Spain, and France and travelogues. She also wrote three novels and published art criticism and gossipy, sometimes scandalous, sketches for ''The Art Journal'', ''Bentley's Miscellany'', and ''The New Monthly Magazine'', often under the pseudonym, "Florentia". Largely forgotten now, she was very popular in her day, with multiple re-printings of her books in both Europe and the United States.〔See ''New York Times'' (31 March 1877), (12 March 1893), (9 May 1903), (18 June 1910) and ''Atlantic Monthly'' (February 1894) p. 272〕 Elliot had a wide circle of literary friends including Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope and Wilkie Collins. Collins dedicated his 1872 novel, ''Poor Miss Finch'', to her,〔Peters (1995) p. 54〕 and much of the content in Marian Holcolmbe's conversations in ''The Woman in White'' is said to be based on her.〔Sternlieb (2002) p. 67〕
==Biography==
Frances Elliot was born Frances Vickriss Dickinson at Farley Hill Court in the Berkshire village of Swallowfield on 6 March 1820, the only child of Charles Dickinson of Queen Charlton Manor, Somerset.〔Storey (2002) p. 387; Rogal, ''Dictionary of Literary Biography''〕 She was an 18-year-old heiress when her life began to take its somewhat complicated path. On 8 October 1838, she married John Edward Geils from Glasgow in the Swallowfield church. The couple then departed for Scotland, but the marriage proved to be a disaster. After seven years, she left her husband and returned to Farley Hill Court, alleging his adultery with two of their maids, and violence towards her. He, in turn, tried to deny her access to their four daughters and sued her for the "restitution of his conjugal rights".〔House of Lords p. 281. See also, Foyster (2005) pp. 154 and 178〕 In 1855 she was finally able to obtain a divorce in the Scottish courts and regain custody of the children, although the case had been fought all the way to the House of Lords before it was finalised. Despite the fact that she was the innocent party in the divorce, she found herself socially ostracised from the upper-class circles in which she had once moved and travelled to Italy, where she was eventually to spend a large part of her life.〔See Peters (1991) p. 418 and Collins (1994) p.15 for the suggestion that the plot of Wilkie Collins' novel ''The Evil Genius'' is partially based on Frances Elliot's divorce and its aftermath. One of the main characters, Catherine Linley, leaves her adulterous husband. To avoid losing custody of her daughter, she goes into hiding with her mother and the child, and eventually obtains a divorce under Scottish law.〕 According to the 1896 edition of her book, ''Roman Gossip'', one of the daughters from her first marriage (also named Frances) later married the Italian archaeologist and art historian, Marchese Chigi.〔Elliot (1896) p. 280.〕
During the protracted divorce proceedings, she worked as a journalist for several London magazines and became friends with Wilkie Collins, who also wrote for ''Bentley's Miscellany''. It was through Collins that she met Charles Dickens. Collins had asked her to play in the 1857 amateur performances of ''The Frozen Deep'', a play he had co-written with Dickens. In December 1863 she married the Very Rev. Gilbert Elliot, Dean of Bristol, a widower twenty years her senior with three children from his first wife. However, within three years, that marriage was also in serious trouble. She eventually left Elliot and returned to Italy, although the couple were never legally separated or divorced.〔Gilbert Elliot died in 1891〕 She continued to use her married name as an author, incorporating "Minto" for good measure, especially in British publications. Gilbert Elliot had family connections with the Earls of Minto – her 1873 book, ''Old Court Life in France'', is dedicated to "My niece The Countess of Minto".〔Elliot (1893)〕
Francis Minto Elliot died in Siena on 26 October 1898, aged 78. She is buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome near the grave of her second daughter, Mary Lucy, who had died in Rome in 1855 at the age of 13.〔Accademia di Danimarca〕
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